单片机应用3例

例1：一个液晶显示的数字式电脑温度计
　　 液晶显示器分很多种类，按显示方式可分为段式，行点阵式和全点阵式。段式与数码管类似，行点阵式一般是英文字符，全点阵式可显示任何信息， 如汉字、图形、图表等。这里我们介绍一种八段式四位LCD显示器，该显示器内置驱动器，串行数据传送，使用非常方便。原理图如下图：

　　下图是长沙太阳人科技开发有限公司生产的4位带串行接口的液晶显示模块SMS0403的外部引线简图：

　　有关该模块的具体参数，请查看该公司网站。此例中使用的温度传感器 为美国DALLAS公司生产的单总线式数字温度传感器。该传感器本站有其 详细的资料可供下载。此例稍加改动，即可做成温控器。  
例2:  LED显示电脑电子钟
　　 本例介绍一种用LED制作的电脑电子钟（电脑万年历）。其制作完成装潢后的照片如下图：

　　上图中，年、月、日及时间选用的是1.2寸共阳数码管，星期选用的是2.3寸数码管，温度选用的是0.5寸数码管，也可根据个人的爱好选用不同规格的数码管。原理图如下图所示：

　　上图中，CPU选用的是AT89C2051,时钟芯片选用的是Dallas公司的DS1302, 温度传感器选用的是Dallas公司的数字温度传感器DS1820，显示驱动芯片选用的是德州仪器公司的TPIC6B595,也可选用与其兼容的芯片NC595或 国产的AMT9595。整个电子钟用两个键来调节时间和日期。一个是位选 键，一个是数字调节键。按一下位选键，头两位数字开始闪动，进入设 定调节状态，此时按数字调节键，当前闪动位的数字就可改变。全部参 数调节完后，五秒钟内没有任何键按下，则数字停止闪动，退出设定调节状态。源程序清单如下(无温度显示程序）：
  start:do;
$include(reg51.dcl)
declare (sclk,io,rst) bit at (0b3h) register; /* p33,p34,p35 */
declare (command,data,n,temp1,num) byte;
declare a(9) byte;
declare ab(6) byte;
declare aco(11) byte constant (0fdh,60h,0dah,0f2h,66h,0b6h,0beh,
  0e0h,0feh,0f6h,00h);
declare week(11) byte constant (0edh,028h,0dch,7ch,39h,75h,0f5h,
2ch,0fdh,7dh,00h);
declare da literally 'p15',clk literally 'p16',ale literally 'p17',
mk literally 'p11',sk literally 'p12';
  clear:procedure;
sclk=0;io=0;rst=0;
end clear;
  send1302:procedure(comm);
declare (i,comm) byte;
do i=0 to 7;
comm=scr(comm,1);
io=cy;
call time(1);
sclk=0;
call time(1);
sclk=1;
end;
end send1302;
wbyt1:procedure(com,dat);/*字节写过程*/
declare (com,dat) byte;
call clear;
rst=1;
call send1302(com);
call send1302(dat);
call clear;
end wbyt1;
wbyt8:procedure;/*时钟多字节突发模式写过程*/
declare j byte;
call clear;
a(7)=A(6);a(6)=a(0);
rst=1;
call send1302(command);
do j=1 to 8;
call send1302(a(j));
end;
call clear;
end wbyt8;
  RBYT1:PROCEDURE;
DECLARE I BYTE;
CALL CLEAR;
RST=1;
call send1302(0c1h);
IO=1;
DO I=0 TO 7;
SCLK=1;
SCLK=0;
CY=IO;
N=SCR(N,1);
END;
A(8)=N;
CALL CLEAR;
END RBYT1;
send595:procedure;
declare k byte;
do k=0 to 7;
data=scr(data,1);
da=cy;
clk=1;
clk=0;
end;
end send595;
  send595_1:procedure;
declare k byte;
do k=0 to 7;
data=scr(data,1);
da1=cy;
clk1=1;
clk1=0;
end;
end send595_1;
  rb1:procedure(abc,j);
DECLARE (I,j,abc) BYTE;
CALL CLEAR;
RST=1;
call send1302(abc);
IO=1;
DO I=0 TO 7;
SCLK=1;
SCLK=0;
CY=IO;
N=SCR(N,1);
END;
ab(j)=N;
ab(j)=dec(ab(j));
CALL CLEAR;
end rb1;
  rbyt6:procedure;
call rb1(0f1h,0);
call rb1(0f3h,1);
call rb1(0f5h,2);
call rb1(0f7h,3);
call rb1(0f9h,4);
call rb1(0fbh,5);
call rb1(0fdh,6);
end rbyt6;
  wbyt6:procedure;
call wbyt1(8eh,0); /* write enable */
call wbyt1(0f0h,ab(0));
call wbyt1(0f2h,ab(1));
call wbyt1(0f4h,ab(2));
call wbyt1(0f6h,ab(3));
call wbyt1(0f8h,ab(4));
call wbyt1(0fah,ab(5));
call wbyt1(0fch,ab(6));
call wbyt1(8eh,80h); /* write disable */
end wbyt6;
rbyt8:procedure;/*时钟多字节突发模式读过程*/
declare (i,j) byte;
call clear;
rst=1;
call send1302(command);
io=1;
do j=1 to 8;
do i=0 to 7;
sclk=1;
call time(1);
sclk=0;
cy=io;
n=scr(n,1);
end;
a(j)=n;
end;
call clear;
a(0)=a(6);a(6)=A(7);
a(0)=a(0) and 0fh;
if a(0)>6 then a(0)=0;
CALL RBYT1;
if (a(1)=0 and a(2)=0 and a(3)=0) then
do;
do num=0 to 35;
call time(250);
end;
temp1=1;
end;
if temp1=1 then
do;
temp1=0;
ab(4)=ab(4)+1;
if ab(4)>99h then
do;
ab(4)=0;
ab(5)=ab(5)+1;
if ab(5)>99h then ab(5)=0;
end;
call wbyt6;
end;
end rbyt8;
  display:procedure; /*jieya,yima,fasong*/
declare (i,n,m) byte;
n=a(0) and 0fh; /* send week */
data=week(n);
call send595;
  n=a(4); /* send date */
n=n and 0fh;
data=aco(n);
call send595;
n=a(4);
n=shr(n,4);
data=aco(n);
call send595;
  do i=1 to 3; /* send second,minute,hour */
n=a(i);
n=n and 0fh;
data=aco(n);
call send595;
n=a(i);
n=shr(n,4);
data=aco(n);
call send595;
end;
do i=5 to 6; /* send month,year */
n=a(i);
n=n and 0fh;
data=aco(n);
call send595;
n=a(i);
n=shr(n,4);
data=aco(n);
call send595;
end;
  n=a(8); /* send 19 or 20 */
n=n and 0fh;
data=aco(n);
call send595;
n=a(8);
n=shr(n,4);
data=aco(n);
call send595;
do m=0 to 5;
n=ab(m);
n=n and 0fh;
data=aco(n);
call send595_1;
n=ab(m);
n=shr(n,4);
data=aco(n);
call send595_1;
end;
ale=0;
ale=1;
end display;
  beginset:procedure;
a(0)=06h;a(1)=58h;a(2)=59h;a(3)=23h;
a(4)=30h;a(5)=06h;a(6)=97h;a(7)=00;
a(8)=19h; /* set date/time (1997,7,1,8:00:00,week 3) */
call wbyt1(8eh,0); /* write enable*/
call wbyt1(80h,00h);/* start colock */
call wbyt1(0beh,0abh);/*两个二极管与8K电阻串联充电*/
command=0beh; /* write colock/date */
call wbyt8;
call wbyt1(0c0h,a(8));
call wbyt1(8eh,80h); /* set write protect bit */
end beginset;
  key:procedure;
declare (i,time1,k1,tem) byte;
call time(100);
k1=7;time1=30;
if mk=0 then
do;
do while time1>0;
week: if k1=0 then
do;
do i=0 to 5;
/* call hz(a(0)); */
end;
do i=0 to 3;
/* call hz0; */
end;
end;
tem=a(k1);
if k1=7 then tem=a(8);
a(k1)=0aah;
if k1=7 then a(8)=0aah;
call display;
call time(254);
call time (254);
a(k1)=tem;
if k1=7 then a(8)=tem;
call display;
call time(254);
call time(254);
call time(254);
time1=time1-1;
if mk=0 then
do;call time(100); /*MOD KEY PROCESS*/
TIME1=30;
IF MK=0 THEN
DO;
k1=k1-1;
DO WHILE K1=0FFH;
K1=7;
END;
END;
end;
IF SK=0 THEN
DO;CALL TIME(100); /*SET KEY PROCESS*/
TIME1=30;
IF SK=0 THEN
DO;
tem=tem+1;
tem=dec(tem);
DO CASE K1;
DO WHILE tem=7;/*week*/
tem=0;
END;
DO WHILE tem=60H;/*scond*/
tem=0;
END;
DO WHILE tem=60H;/*minute*/
tem=0;
END;
DO WHILE tem=24H;/*hour*/
tem=0;
END;
DO WHILE tem=32H;/*date*/
tem=1;
END;
DO WHILE tem=13H;/*month*/
tem=1;
END;
DO while tem=100h; /* YEAR */
tem=00;
END;
DO WHILE TEM>=21H;
tem=19H;
END;
END;
A(K1)=tem;
if k1=7 then a(8)=tem;
END;
END;
END;
END;
end key;
  main$program:
mk=1;sk=1;temp1=0;num=0;p32=1;
if sk=0 then call beginset;
clk=0;da=0;ale=1;
loop:
do while mk=1 ;
if a(0)>6 then a(0)=0;
command=0bfh;
call rbyt8;
call display;
do while mk=0;
call key;
call wbyt1(8eh,0);
command=0beh;
call wbyt8;
call wbyt1(0C0H,A(8));
call wbyt1(8eh,80h);
end;
end;
goto loop;
end start
例3:一个6位LED、4个按键的显示板
　　按键和显示是单片机系统的基本输入输出部件，下面介绍一个由74LS164驱动的6位数码管和4个按键组成的通用仪表面板。 原理图如下图所示

　　 其线路板图如下图所示：

　　 注：此板中多了三个LED发光管，这三个发光管是分别接在IC4,IC5,IC6 的13脚（Q7，数据串出脚）上的。